I keep an eye on subreddits for pathfinder and rpg and this question always comes up: how do I punish the player who has an overpowered or min-maxed character?
The first problem with this question is that it indicates a lack of communication. A GM needs to set the expectation for their players. If a player thinks they can min-max and the GM doesn't want them too, the GM hasn't set the expectation properly.
The second problem is that the rules are an implied contract between the GM and the player for what is allowed and not allowed. You can't agree on a rule set and then say don't min-max, because you just changed the rules.
I opt for the following strategies when I run into balance issues between characters:
1. Use plot points to restore balance. It is very easy to make sure an overpowered character has bad luck. Mistaken identity, being captured, being targeted are all places where luck plays a part and the GM can control that. This doesn't apply to mechanics, just things that happen within the GM's control. Let the players know that you will do this.
2. Use mechanics to exploit weaknesses generated in min-maxing. This one has to be used sparingly in most games, because it has the potential to make characters less fun to play. Have that bad guy convince the barbarian of something. Make sure that high dex rogue has to use his will and fortitude saves a lot. If done right, it will help to balance the successes and failures and help everyone share the positive spotlight.
3. Rewrite the rules. Instead of point buy, give the players the ability score sets to pick from. Instead of allowing all books, use only a couple core books. Instead of allowing every alternative, don't allow archetypes at all. This will really level the playing field up front if done properly and moves all complaining out of game and into character creation, where it is easier to manage.
There you have it -- some fun ways to manage character balance in a game without ever having to use that word "punish".
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